Spermatophytes (seed plants): Angiosperms (flowering plants): Eudicots: Core Eudicots: Asterids: Ericales
WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/24/22):
Cyrilla racemiflora
FAMILY
Cyrillaceae
Go to FSUS key
Dig deeper at SERNEC, a consortium of southeastern herbaria.
You may also want to check Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of North Carolina
Read more about Titi at Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
The leaves are quite variable in shape and size; the venation and glossy smoothness, however, are distinctive once learned, per Weakley's Flora (2022)
SYNONYMOUS WITH
PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Cyrilla racemiflora
FAMILY
Cyrillaceae
INCLUDED WITHIN Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)
Cyrilla racemiflora
INCLUDED WITHIN Flora of North America
Cyrilla racemiflora
SYNONYMOUS WITH VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 111-01-001:
Cyrilla racemiflora FAMILY Cyrillaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Cyrilla racemiflora
COMMON NAME:
Titi, Swamp Cyrilla, Leatherwood
To see larger pictures, click or hover over the thumbnails.
)
Manual of the Trees of North America (Exclusive of Mexico) (Sargent, 1905) mtna_i_698
)
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913 pnd_cyra_001_lvd
)
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA Wetland flora: Field office illustrated guide pnd_cyra_003_lvd
)
Keith Bradley kab_c_racemiflora_0724
February Lexington County SC
Peachtree Rock Heritage Preserve
The remains of its inflorescences are present all year, an aid in field id, per Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006).
)
JK Marlow jkm150529_110
May Spartanburg County SC
In cultivation
Leaf blades leathery, narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, glabrous, entire, per Native Trees of the Southeast, An Identification Guide (Kirkman, Brown, & Leopold, 2007).
)
JK Marlow jkm150529_111
May Spartanburg County SC
In cultivation
Its reticulate venation distinctive once learned, but difficult to describe, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
)
JK Marlow jkm180505_1808
May Pike County GA
Camp Thunder VPA
Each flower subtended by a solitary subulate (awl-shaped) bract 2-3mm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
)
Dan Whitten sdw_cyrilla
May Georgetown County SC
)
Will Stuart wil_8437129373_c6d01a6fe6
June Chesterfield County SC
Cheraw State Park
Short trunks and crooked stems divided into several wide-spreading branches, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
)
Will Stuart wil8437129373_3c922c9d85b
June Chesterfield County SC
Cheraw State Park
)
Richard and Teresa Ware rtw_c_racemiflora_ti_ti
July
)
Richard and Teresa Ware rtw_cyrilla_racemiflora_4
July
Narrow cylindric racemes in whorls at the base of current season's growth, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
)
JK Marlow jkm161001_074
October Chesterfield County SC
Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge
)
Will Stuart wil_8437128877_603b3863c1
December Chesterfield County SC
Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge
Fruit in narrow racemes in whorls at base of current year's twigs, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
)
Will Stuart wil8437128877_603b3863c1b
December Chesterfield County SC
Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge
WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/24/22):
Cyrilla racemiflora
FAMILY
Cyrillaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH
PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Cyrilla racemiflora
FAMILY
Cyrillaceae
INCLUDED WITHIN
Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)
Cyrilla racemiflora
INCLUDED WITHIN
Flora of North America
Cyrilla racemiflora
SYNONYMOUS WITH
VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 111-01-001:
Cyrilla racemiflora
FAMILY
Cyrillaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH
Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Cyrilla racemiflora
428
Shrub; Tree
Perennial
Habitat: pocosins, swamps, lake and pine flatwood pond margins, streambanks, pine flatwoods, per Weakley's Flora
Native to the Carolinas & Georgia
Common (rare in Piedmont)
CLICK HERE to see a map, notes, and images from Weakley's Flora of the Southeastern US.
Click here to see a map showing all occurrences known to SERNEC, a consortium of southeastern herbaria. (Zoom in to see more detail.)
LEAVES:
Semi-evergreen
Simple
Alternate
FLOWER:
Spring/Summer
White
Radially symmetrical
5 sepals
5 petals
5 stamens
Superior ovary
Bisexual
FRUIT:
Summer/Fall
Brown/Olive
Drupe-like
TO LEARN MORE about this plant, look it up in a good book!
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006) p126
- Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005) p334
- Gardening with Native Plants of the South (Wasowski & Wasowski, 1994, 2020) p066
- Guide to the Wildflowers of SC, 1st ed. (Porcher & Rayner, 2001) p310
- Guide to the Wildflowers of SC, 2nd ed. (McMillan, Porcher, Rayner, & White; 2022) p357
- Guide to the Wildflowers of SC, 2nd ed. (McMillan, Porcher, Rayner, & White; 2022) p417
- How to Recognize Shrubs (Grimm, 1966) p167
- Landscaping with Native Trees (Sternberg & Wilson, 1995) p254
- Native Shrubs and Woody Vines of the Southeast (Foote & Jones, 1989) p084
- Native Trees of the Southeast, An Identification Guide (Kirkman, Brown, & Leopold, 2007) p129
- Trees of the Southeastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1988) p215
- Wildflowers of the Carolina Lowcountry (Porcher, 1995) p118
- Wild Flowers of NC, 2nd edition (Justice, Bell, & Lindsey, 2005) p142
- Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004) p128
- Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011) p238
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