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Longstem Adder's-tongue,
Ophioglossum petiolatum
Beadlike sporangia in a 1-4cm spike atop a 3-11cm stipe, per Field Guide to the Ferns and Other Pteridophytes of Georgia (Snyder & Bruce, 1986).
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Fraser Fir,
Abies fraseri
After seed cones disintegrate, the spikelike upright central axis is left, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
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Common Cattail,
Typha latifolia
Fuzzy, brown cylindric spikes (cattails) persist into winter, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Common Cattail,
Typha latifolia
Female flowers in brown cylindrical spike; male spike above and contiguous, per Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006).
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Narrowleaf Cattail,
Typha angustifolia
Its male and female flower spikes are separated by naked stem, per Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006).
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Common Snailseed Pondweed,
Potamogeton diversifolius
Fruiting spikes cylindric, 3-20mm long, 3-6mm broad; peduncles to 7cm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Common Snailseed Pondweed,
Potamogeton diversifolius
Infl's unbranched; spikes dimorphic: submersed capitate & 2-3mm, emersed cylindric & 5-9.7mm, per Flora of North America.
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Pampasgrass,
Cortaderia selloana
Spikelets 2-3 flowered, pistillate silky with long hairs, staminate naked, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Carolina Triodia,
Tridens carolinianus
Spikelets short-pediceled, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Carolina Triodia,
Tridens carolinianus
Panicle dense and spike-like, more than 4x as long as wide, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Longspike Tridens,
Tridens strictus
Panicle dense & spike-like, > 4x long as wide, branches ascending to appressed, per Weakley's Flora.
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Longspike Tridens,
Tridens strictus
Panicle dense, spikelike, somewhat interrupted below, narrowed above, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Purpletop,
Tridens flavus
Spikelets usually red or purple at maturity w 4-8 flowers in a herringbone, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Southern Sandgrass,
Triplasis americana
Spikelets usually purplish. Lemmas deeply cleft, awn more than 5mm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Purple Sandgrass,
Triplasis purpurea var. purpurea
Spikelets usually purplish. Lemmas cleft, awns straight, 0.5-1.5mm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Slender Woodoats,
Chasmanthium laxum
Spikelets flat and nearly sessile, with 1-4 fertile and 1 sterile flower, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Longleaf Woodoats,
Chasmanthium sessiliflorum var. sessiliflorum
Spikelets with 1-4 fertile and 1 sterile flower, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Longleaf Woodoats,
Chasmanthium sessiliflorum var. sessiliflorum
Spikelets flat, subsessile, glumes and lemmas weakly nerved, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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River Oats,
Chasmanthium latifolium
Numerous flattened spikelets in an open, terminal, drooping panicle, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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River Oats,
Chasmanthium latifolium
Drooping panicles of dangling spikelet clusters, in V-shaped pairs, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Sea Oats,
Uniola paniculata
Flowers arranged in a showy drooping panicle w numerous flattened spikelets, per Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006).
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Sea Oats,
Uniola paniculata
Spikelets conspicuously flattened, with 8-20 florets, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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gophertail lovegrass,
Eragrostis ciliaris var. ciliaris
Spikelets 6-12 flowered, 2-4mm long; keels of palea stiffly long-ciliate, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Lace Lovegrass,
Eragrostis capillaris
Spikelets long-pediceled, 2-4 flowered, 2-3mm long, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Lace Lovegrass,
Eragrostis capillaris
Spikelets (1.4)2-5mm long, ovate to lanceolate, lead-colored, occ reddish-purple, w 2-5(7) florets, per Flora of North America.
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Weeping Lovegrass,
Eragrostis curvula
Spikelets 7-11 flowered, 8-10mm long, gray-green, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Purple Lovegrass,
Eragrostis spectabilis
Spikelets usually purplish, 2-10 flowered, 1-6mm long. Pedicels rigid, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Purple Lovegrass,
Eragrostis spectabilis
Airy panicles of reddish-purple flower spikelets rise to a height of 1-2', per Gardening with the Native Plants of Tennessee (Hunter, 2002).
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Purple Lovegrass,
Eragrostis spectabilis
Spikelets flattened clusters of 2-10 flowers in a herringbone arrangement, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Elliott's Lovegrass,
Eragrostis elliottii
Spikelets linear, mostly 8-15 flowered, 5-12mm; lemmas closely imbricate, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Orchard Grass,
Dactylis glomerata
Spikelets few-flowered, nearly sessile in dense 1-sided fascicles, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Downy Brome,
Bromus tectorum
Panicles generally nodding; spikelets drooping, each 2-3.5cm long, per www.invasive.org.
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Poverty Brome,
Bromus sterilis
Spikelets 2.5-3.5cm long, 6-10 flowered; lemma awn 2-3cm long, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Hairy Woodland Brome,
Bromus pubescens
Pedicels ascending then later arching-drooping, mostly longer than spikelet, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Hairy Woodland Brome,
Bromus pubescens
Panicle open, branches usually spreading. Spikelets 6-9 flowered, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Rescue Grass,
Bromus catharticus var. catharticus
Lemmas compressed & strongly keeled (entire spikelet thus laterally flattened), per Weakley's Flora.
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Rescue Grass,
Bromus catharticus var. catharticus
Spikelets light green, compressed, 4-9 flowered, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Hairy Chess,
Bromus commutatus
Pedicels longer than the spikelets; lemma awns 5-12mm long, straight, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Field Brome,
Bromus arvensis
Resembling B. japonicus, spikelets thinner, flatter, often tinged w purple, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Canada Bluegrass,
Poa compressa
Panicle branches usually short, in pairs, spikelet-bearing to the base, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Canada Bluegrass,
Poa compressa
Scanty pubescence on the florets gives the spikelets a smooth appearance, per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).
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Autumn Bluegrass,
Poa autumnalis
Spikelets 4-6 flowered, about 6mm long, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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early bluegrass,
Poa cuspidata
Spikelets 3- or 4-flowered, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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early bluegrass,
Poa cuspidata
Panicle branches mostly in pairs, distant, spreading, spikelets near ends, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Kentucky Bluegrass,
Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis
Spikelets crowded, lemmas copiously webbed at base, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Kentucky Bluegrass,
Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis
Spikelets 3-5 flowered, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Two-flower Melicgrass,
Melica mutica
Each spikelet ordinarily contains 2 fertile florets, hence the common name, per Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006).
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Two-flower Melicgrass,
Melica mutica
Spikelets broad, pale, 7-10mm long, the florets spreading, pendulous, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Eastern Mannagrass,
Glyceria septentrionalis
Spikelets terete or nearly so in cross-section, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Eastern Mannagrass,
Glyceria septentrionalis
Spikelets 1-2cm long, 6-12 flowered, the florets rather loosely imbricate, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Fowl Mannagrass,
Glyceria striata var. striata
Spikelets somewhat crowded toward the ends of branchlets, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Southern Six-weeks Fescue,
Festuca octoflora var. octoflora
Lemma awns 0.3-6(9)mm long; spikelets w 5-11(-more) closely imbricate florets, per Weakley's Flora.
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Tall Fescue,
Lolium arundinaceum
Spikelets have 3-6 florets and lack awns. L. pratense is very similar, per Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
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Tall Fescue,
Lolium arundinaceum
Spikelets 10-25mm long, ellipsoid with a pointed tip, short stalked, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Meadow Fescue,
Lolium pratense
Panicle erect, or summit nodding, branches spikelet-bearing nearly to base, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Nodding Fescue,
Festuca subverticillata
Panicle nodding, loose, open; branches spreading, spikelets toward the ends, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Italian Ryegrass,
Lolium multiflorum
Florets 11-22 per spikelet, per Weakley's Flora.
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Quackgrass,
Elymus repens
Spike 5-15cm long; spikelets mostly 4-6 flowered, 1-1.5cm long, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Bread Wheat,
Triticum aestivum
Spike 5-15cm long. Spikelets alternate on opposite sides of rachis, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Cereal Rye,
Secale cereale
Spike 6-15cm long including awns, 12-15mm broad, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).