Native plants of the Carolinas and Georgia

teaching key OF THE CAROLINAS & GEORGIA

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(To try out a different kind of experimental key, with access to the most current and comprehensive body of information regarding violets in our region, visit the new website Violets (Violaceae) of the Great Plains and Eastern North America.)

 

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habit

 

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

Plants are “leafy-stemmed” and bear flowers from the leaf axils.
Plants appear “stemless” because the stems are not readily visible (leaf and flower stalks arise directly from stolons or rhizomes at the plant's base).

 

FLOWER COLOR

Flowers are blue or violet.
Flowers are white or cream.
Flowers are yellow.
Flowers are multi-colored.

 

FLOWER PETALS

Lateral petals (or more) are “bearded” (with tufts of hairlike trichomes at petal base).
All petals appear to be beardless.

 

LEAF SURFACE

Leaves appear to be glabrous (hairless).
Leaves are somewhat pubescent.

 

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Viola appalachiensis Appalachian Violet, Henry's Violet
Viola labradorica American Dog Violet
Viola rafinesquei Johnny Jump-up, American Field Pansy, Wild Pansy
Viola tricolor Johnny Jump-up, Pansy

 

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Viola labradorica American Dog Violet
Viola walteri Walter's Violet, Prostrate Blue Violet

 

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Viola rostrata Longspur Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola appalachiensis Appalachian Violet, Henry's Violet
Viola labradorica American Dog Violet
Viola rafinesquei Johnny Jump-up, American Field Pansy, Wild Pansy
Viola rostrata Longspur Violet
Viola tricolor Johnny Jump-up, Pansy
Viola walteri Walter's Violet, Prostrate Blue Violet

 

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Viola appalachiensis Appalachian Violet, Henry's Violet
Viola labradorica American Dog Violet
Viola rafinesquei Johnny Jump-up, American Field Pansy, Wild Pansy
Viola rostrata Longspur Violet
Viola tricolor Johnny Jump-up, Pansy

 

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Viola labradorica American Dog Violet
Viola walteri Walter's Violet, Prostrate Blue Violet

 

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Viola appalachiensis Appalachian Violet, Henry's Violet
Viola labradorica American Dog Violet
Viola rafinesquei Johnny Jump-up, American Field Pansy, Wild Pansy
Viola tricolor Johnny Jump-up, Pansy
Viola walteri Walter's Violet, Prostrate Blue Violet

 

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Viola rostrata Longspur Violet

 

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Viola tricolor Johnny Jump-up, Pansy

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

Click the SUBMIT button to examine Violets that meet your criteria (listed below).

Viola tricolor Johnny Jump-up, Pansy

 

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Viola tricolor Johnny Jump-up, Pansy

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola tricolor Johnny Jump-up, Pansy

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola canadensis Canada Violet, Tall White Violet
Viola rafinesquei Johnny Jump-up, American Field Pansy, Wild Pansy
Viola striata Pale Violet, Creamy Violet, Striped Cream Violet

 

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Viola arvensis European Field Pansy
Viola striata Pale Violet, Creamy Violet, Striped Cream Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola arvensis European Field Pansy
Viola canadensis Canada Violet, Tall White Violet
Viola rafinesquei Johnny Jump-up, American Field Pansy, Wild Pansy
Viola striata Pale Violet, Creamy Violet, Striped Cream Violet

 

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Viola canadensis Canada Violet, Tall White Violet
Viola rafinesquei Johnny Jump-up, American Field Pansy, Wild Pansy
Viola striata Pale Violet, Creamy Violet, Striped Cream Violet

 

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Viola arvensis European Field Pansy
Viola striata Pale Violet, Creamy Violet, Striped Cream Violet

 

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Viola arvensis European Field Pansy
Viola canadensis Canada Violet, Tall White Violet
Viola rafinesquei Johnny Jump-up, American Field Pansy, Wild Pansy
Viola striata Pale Violet, Creamy Violet, Striped Cream Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola eriocarpa Smooth Yellow Forest Violet, Smooth Yellow Violet
Viola hastata Halberdleaf Violet, Halberdleaf Yellow Violet, Spearleaf Violet, Silverleaf Violet
Viola tripartita Threepart Violet, Three-parted Yellow Violet

 

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Viola glaberrima Northern Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola pubescens Downy Yellow Violet, Hairy Yellow Forest Violet
Viola tenuipes Southern Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola tripartita Threepart Violet, Three-parted Yellow Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola eriocarpa Smooth Yellow Forest Violet, Smooth Yellow Violet
Viola glaberrima Northern Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola hastata Halberdleaf Violet, Halberdleaf Yellow Violet, Spearleaf Violet, Silverleaf Violet
Viola pubescens Downy Yellow Violet, Hairy Yellow Forest Violet
Viola tenuipes Southern Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola tripartita Threepart Violet, Three-parted Yellow Violet

 

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Viola eriocarpa Smooth Yellow Forest Violet, Smooth Yellow Violet
Viola hastata Halberdleaf Violet, Halberdleaf Yellow Violet, Spearleaf Violet, Silverleaf Violet
Viola tripartita Threepart Violet, Three-parted Yellow Violet

 

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Viola glaberrima Northern Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola pubescens Downy Yellow Violet, Hairy Yellow Forest Violet
Viola tenuipes Southern Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola tripartita Threepart Violet, Three-parted Yellow Violet

 

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Viola eriocarpa Smooth Yellow Forest Violet, Smooth Yellow Violet
Viola glaberrima Northern Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola hastata Halberdleaf Violet, Halberdleaf Yellow Violet, Spearleaf Violet, Silverleaf Violet
Viola pubescens Downy Yellow Violet, Hairy Yellow Forest Violet
Viola tenuipes Southern Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola tripartita Threepart Violet, Three-parted Yellow Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola affinis LeConte's Violet, Sand Violet, Thinleaf Violet, Missouri Violet
Viola brittoniana Northern Coastal Violet, Coast Violet, Britton's Violet
Viola cucullata Blue Marsh Violet, Bog Violet
Viola domestica Yard Violet
Viola edulis Atlantic Coast Salad Violet
Viola egglestonii Eggleston's Violet, Nashville Violet, Cedar Glade Violet
Viola emarginata var. 1 ["phasmatifolia" variant] Insect-leaf Violet, Walkingstick Insect Violet
Viola emarginata var. 2 ["deltate" variant] Deltate Violet?
Viola emarginata var. 5 ["xiphophylla" variant] Sword-leaved Violet
Viola emarginata var. emarginata Triangle-leaved Violet
Viola inconspicua Asian Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola monacanora Monacan Violet, Blue Ridge Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola palmata var. triloba Northern Three-lobed Violet
Viola sagittata Arrowleaf Violet, Arrowhead Violet
Viola septemloba Southern Coastal Violet, Cleft-leaved Violet
Viola septentrionalis Northern Wood Violet, Northern Blue Violet
Viola sororia var. sororia Dooryard Violet, Confederate Violet, Common Blue Violet

 

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Viola hirsutula Southern Woodland Violet, Silvery Purple-leaf Violet, Southern Wood Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola palmata var. palmata Wood Violet, Southern Three-lobed Violet
Viola palmata var. triloba Northern Three-lobed Violet
Viola septentrionalis Northern Wood Violet, Northern Blue Violet
Viola subsinuata var. subsinuata Wavyleaf Violet
Viola villosa Southern Woolly Violet, Carolina Violet
Viola walteri Walter's Violet, Prostrate Blue Violet

 

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Viola pedata var. flabellata Sandhills Birdsfoot Violet
Viola pedata var. pedata Common Birdsfoot Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola affinis LeConte's Violet, Sand Violet, Thinleaf Violet, Missouri Violet
Viola brittoniana Northern Coastal Violet, Coast Violet, Britton's Violet
Viola cucullata Blue Marsh Violet, Bog Violet
Viola domestica Yard Violet
Viola edulis Atlantic Coast Salad Violet
Viola egglestonii Eggleston's Violet, Nashville Violet, Cedar Glade Violet
Viola emarginata var. 1 ["phasmatifolia" variant] Insect-leaf Violet, Walkingstick Insect Violet
Viola emarginata var. 2 ["deltate" variant] Deltate Violet?
Viola emarginata var. 5 ["xiphophylla" variant] Sword-leaved Violet
Viola emarginata var. emarginata Triangle-leaved Violet
Viola fimbriatula Ovate-leaf Violet, Northern Downy Violet, Sand Violet
Viola hirsutula Southern Woodland Violet, Silvery Purple-leaf Violet, Southern Wood Violet
Viola inconspicua Asian Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola monacanora Monacan Violet, Blue Ridge Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola palmata var. palmata Wood Violet, Southern Three-lobed Violet
Viola palmata var. triloba Northern Three-lobed Violet
Viola pedata var. flabellata Sandhills Birdsfoot Violet
Viola pedata var. pedata Common Birdsfoot Violet
Viola sagittata Arrowleaf Violet, Arrowhead Violet
Viola septemloba Southern Coastal Violet, Cleft-leaved Violet
Viola septentrionalis Northern Wood Violet, Northern Blue Violet
Viola sororia var. sororia Dooryard Violet, Confederate Violet, Common Blue Violet
Viola subsinuata var. subsinuata Wavyleaf Violet
Viola villosa Southern Woolly Violet, Carolina Violet
Viola walteri Walter's Violet, Prostrate Blue Violet

 

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Viola affinis LeConte's Violet, Sand Violet, Thinleaf Violet, Missouri Violet
Viola brittoniana Northern Coastal Violet, Coast Violet, Britton's Violet
Viola cucullata Blue Marsh Violet, Bog Violet
Viola domestica Yard Violet
Viola edulis Atlantic Coast Salad Violet
Viola egglestonii Eggleston's Violet, Nashville Violet, Cedar Glade Violet
Viola emarginata var. 1 ["phasmatifolia" variant] Insect-leaf Violet, Walkingstick Insect Violet
Viola emarginata var. 2 ["deltate" variant] Deltate Violet?
Viola emarginata var. 5 ["xiphophylla" variant] Sword-leaved Violet
Viola emarginata var. emarginata Triangle-leaved Violet
Viola inconspicua Asian Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola monacanora Monacan Violet, Blue Ridge Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola palmata var. triloba Northern Three-lobed Violet
Viola pedata var. flabellata Sandhills Birdsfoot Violet
Viola pedata var. pedata Common Birdsfoot Violet
Viola sagittata Arrowleaf Violet, Arrowhead Violet
Viola septemloba Southern Coastal Violet, Cleft-leaved Violet
Viola septentrionalis Northern Wood Violet, Northern Blue Violet
Viola sororia var. sororia Dooryard Violet, Confederate Violet, Common Blue Violet

 

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Viola hirsutula Southern Woodland Violet, Silvery Purple-leaf Violet, Southern Wood Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola palmata var. palmata Wood Violet, Southern Three-lobed Violet
Viola palmata var. triloba Northern Three-lobed Violet
Viola septentrionalis Northern Wood Violet, Northern Blue Violet
Viola subsinuata var. subsinuata Wavyleaf Violet
Viola villosa Southern Woolly Violet, Carolina Violet
Viola walteri Walter's Violet, Prostrate Blue Violet

 

Click the SUBMIT button to examine Violets that meet your criteria (listed below).

Viola affinis LeConte's Violet, Sand Violet, Thinleaf Violet, Missouri Violet
Viola brittoniana Northern Coastal Violet, Coast Violet, Britton's Violet
Viola cucullata Blue Marsh Violet, Bog Violet
Viola domestica Yard Violet
Viola edulis Atlantic Coast Salad Violet
Viola egglestonii Eggleston's Violet, Nashville Violet, Cedar Glade Violet
Viola emarginata var. 1 ["phasmatifolia" variant] Insect-leaf Violet, Walkingstick Insect Violet
Viola emarginata var. 2 ["deltate" variant] Deltate Violet?
Viola emarginata var. 5 ["xiphophylla" variant] Sword-leaved Violet
Viola emarginata var. emarginata Triangle-leaved Violet
Viola fimbriatula Ovate-leaf Violet, Northern Downy Violet, Sand Violet
Viola hirsutula Southern Woodland Violet, Silvery Purple-leaf Violet, Southern Wood Violet
Viola inconspicua Asian Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola monacanora Monacan Violet, Blue Ridge Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola palmata var. palmata Wood Violet, Southern Three-lobed Violet
Viola palmata var. triloba Northern Three-lobed Violet
Viola sagittata Arrowleaf Violet, Arrowhead Violet
Viola septemloba Southern Coastal Violet, Cleft-leaved Violet
Viola septentrionalis Northern Wood Violet, Northern Blue Violet
Viola sororia var. sororia Dooryard Violet, Confederate Violet, Common Blue Violet
Viola subsinuata var. subsinuata Wavyleaf Violet
Viola villosa Southern Woolly Violet, Carolina Violet
Viola walteri Walter's Violet, Prostrate Blue Violet

 

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Viola pedata var. flabellata Sandhills Birdsfoot Violet
Viola pedata var. pedata Common Birdsfoot Violet

 

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Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet

 

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Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet

 

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Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet

 

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Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet

 

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Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola domestica Yard Violet
Viola inconspicua Asian Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola primulifolia Primrose-leaf Violet
Viola sororia var. sororia Dooryard Violet, Confederate Violet, Common Blue Violet

 

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Viola incognita Disguised White Violet, Largeleaf White Violet, Common Sweet White Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola primulifolia Primrose-leaf Violet

 

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Viola blanda Sweet White Violet
Viola lanceolata Lanceleaf Violet, Narrow-leaved Violet, White Bog Violet, Northern Water Violet
Viola minuscula Wild White Violet, White Marsh Violet
Viola primulifolia Primrose-leaf Violet
Viola vittata Strapleaf Violet, White Bog Violet, Southern Water Violet

 

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Viola blanda Sweet White Violet
Viola primulifolia Primrose-leaf Violet
Viola vittata Strapleaf Violet, White Bog Violet, Southern Water Violet

 

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Viola blanda Sweet White Violet
Viola domestica Yard Violet
Viola incognita Disguised White Violet, Largeleaf White Violet, Common Sweet White Violet
Viola inconspicua Asian Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola lanceolata Lanceleaf Violet, Narrow-leaved Violet, White Bog Violet, Northern Water Violet
Viola minuscula Wild White Violet, White Marsh Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola primulifolia Primrose-leaf Violet
Viola sororia var. sororia Dooryard Violet, Confederate Violet, Common Blue Violet
Viola vittata Strapleaf Violet, White Bog Violet, Southern Water Violet

 

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Viola blanda Sweet White Violet
Viola domestica Yard Violet
Viola inconspicua Asian Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola lanceolata Lanceleaf Violet, Narrow-leaved Violet, White Bog Violet, Northern Water Violet
Viola minuscula Wild White Violet, White Marsh Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola primulifolia Primrose-leaf Violet
Viola sororia var. sororia Dooryard Violet, Confederate Violet, Common Blue Violet
Viola vittata Strapleaf Violet, White Bog Violet, Southern Water Violet

 

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Viola blanda Sweet White Violet
Viola incognita Disguised White Violet, Largeleaf White Violet, Common Sweet White Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola primulifolia Primrose-leaf Violet
Viola vittata Strapleaf Violet, White Bog Violet, Southern Water Violet

 

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Viola domestica Yard Violet
Viola incognita Disguised White Violet, Largeleaf White Violet, Common Sweet White Violet
Viola inconspicua Asian Wedgeleaf Violet
Viola odorata English Violet, Sweet Violet
Viola primulifolia Primrose-leaf Violet
Viola sororia var. sororia Dooryard Violet, Confederate Violet, Common Blue Violet

 

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Viola blanda Sweet White Violet
Viola lanceolata Lanceleaf Violet, Narrow-leaved Violet, White Bog Violet, Northern Water Violet
Viola minuscula Wild White Violet, White Marsh Violet
Viola primulifolia Primrose-leaf Violet
Viola vittata Strapleaf Violet, White Bog Violet, Southern Water Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola rotundifolia Roundleaf Yellow Violet, Early Yellow Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola rotundifolia Roundleaf Yellow Violet, Early Yellow Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

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Viola rotundifolia Roundleaf Yellow Violet, Early Yellow Violet

 

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Viola rotundifolia Roundleaf Yellow Violet, Early Yellow Violet

 

This database doesn't include any Violets that meet those criteria.

 

 

This key was inspired by Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998), and built on that, the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles & Bell, 1968), Weakley's Flora (Weakley, drafts 2010+), and “Violaceae of the Southeastern US,” Castanea (McKinney & Russell, 2002) — who sometimes appear to disagree....